ACNE VULGARIS

Acne vulgaris is the medical term for the common skin condition known as acne. It is characterized by the appearance of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and sometimes cysts, mainly on the face, but also on the back, chest, shoulders, and neck123578.

Why Does Acne Vulgaris Occur?

Acne vulgaris develops when hair follicles (pores) in the skin become blocked with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells25. This blockage creates an environment where bacteria—especially Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes)—can grow, leading to inflammation and the formation of acne lesions5. The main factors involved are:

• Increased sebum (oil) production: Often triggered by hormonal changes, especially during adolescence.

• Blockage of hair follicles: Dead skin cells and oil clog the follicles, forming comedones (whiteheads and blackheads).

• Bacterial growth: Cutibacterium acnes multiplies in the clogged follicles, causing inflammation.

• Inflammation: The body’s immune response to bacteria and blocked follicles produces redness, swelling, and sometimes pus.

Common Triggers and Risk Factors

• Hormonal changes: Puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or use of certain medications.

• Genetics: Family history increases risk.

• Oily skin or use of greasy cosmetics/hair products.

• Stress and diet: May worsen acne in some individuals.

• Environmental factors: Humidity, pollution, or friction from clothing.

Symptoms of Acne Vulgaris

• Whiteheads: Closed, plugged pores.

• Blackheads: Open, plugged pores with a dark surface.

• Papules: Small, red, tender bumps.

• Pustules: Pimples containing pus.

• Nodules and cysts: Large, painful lumps under the skin12357.

• Oily skin, possible scarring, and post-inflammatory dark spots after lesions heal8.

Summary Table

In summary:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition resulting from blocked hair follicles, excess oil, and bacterial growth. It is most common in teenagers but can affect people of all ages and may cause emotional distress or scarring if severe123578.